60

Bioinformatics of the Brain

fulfill this task very well by maintaining disease-targeted neuronal differen-

tiation in the affected individuals’ CNS. Despite the fact that some are still

under in vitro evaluation, a nonignorable number of stem cell lineages have

started to elicit successful and promising results in patients with neurode-

generative defects such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple

sclerosis, and much more that was not reviewed in this chapter. In conclu-

sion, recent developments in stem cell technologies have paved the way for

personalized neurodegenerative disease treatment. The studies still continue

unabated, with great hopes.

2.5

Acknowledgment

I express my great gratitude to Dr. Uygar Şaşmaz (Biruni University, İstanbul,

Türkiye) for his kind support in typesetting the manuscript using the LaTex

document editor.

Bibliography

[1] N. Smith, S. Shirazi, D. Cakouros, et al., “Impact of environmental and

epigenetic changes on mesenchymal stem cells during aging,” Interna-

tional Journal of Molecular Sciences, vol. 24, p. 6499, 3 2023.

[2] J. A. Thomson, J. Itskovitz-Eldor, S. S. Shapiro, et al., “Embryonic stem

cell lines derived from human blastocysts,” Science, vol. 282, pp. 1145–

1147, 11 1998.

[3] A. Golchin, A. Chatziparasidou, P. Ranjbarvan, et al., Embryonic Stem

Cells in Clinical Trials: Current Overview of Developments and Chal-

lenges, pp. 19–37. 2020.

[4] C. Krabbe, J. Zimmer, and M. Meyer, “Neural transdifferentiation of

mesenchymal stem cells – a critical review,” APMIS, vol. 113, pp. 831–

844, 11 2005.

[5] S. Poliwoda, N. Noor, E. Downs, et al., “Stem cells: a comprehensive

review of origins and emerging clinical roles in medical practice,” Or-

thopedic Reviews, vol. 14, 8 2022.

[6] H. Ren, Y. Sang, F. Zhang, et al., “Comparative analysis of human

mesenchymal stem cells from umbilical cord, dental pulp, and menstrual

blood as sources for cell therapy,” Stem Cells International, vol. 2016,

pp. 1–13, 2016.